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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/48075Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Schmidt, Aaron R. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Baxter, Carey L. | - |
| dc.creator | Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.) | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2024-01-09T17:18:35Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2024-01-09T17:18:35Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-12 | - |
| dc.identifier.govdoc | ERDC/CERL TR-23-29 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11681/48075 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48075 | - |
| dc.description | Technical Report | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | Government acquisition of farmland within the present-day boundaries of Fort McCoy is defined by two consequential events: the founding of the installation in 1909, and its expansion in the early 1940s to provide training lands during World War II. Since the 1990s, Fort McCoy’s cultural resources manager (CRM) has sponsored archaeological investigations to determine the eligibility of former farmstead sites for the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). Using geographic information systems (GISs) to compare historic cartographic sources, this project attempts to ascertain whether there are additional farmstead sites at Fort McCoy that may have been overlooked in existing archaeological investigations. Additionally, it provides a short summary of farmstead archaeological activity at Fort McCoy over the past 20 years, a brief historic context highlighting characteristics of farmsteads in the Upper Midwest, and a brief explanation of enhanced lidar techniques that personnel at Fort McCoy can explore for future use. Finally, an appendix provides a list of questions that may be used to conduct oral interviews with descendants of families who farmed within the present-day boundaries of Fort McCoy. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Fort McCoy (Wis.) | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract ii Figures and Tables ix Preface xli 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Researchers .................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 Approach: Archival Repositories .................................................................................... 4 1.5 Analysis ........................................................................................................................... 5 2 Upper Midwest Farmstead Historic Context and Summary of Farmstead Investigations at Fort Mccoy 6 2.1 Physical Geography of the Upper Midwest .................................................................... 6 2.2 Overview of Euro-American Settlement Patterns in the Upper Midwest, 19th–20th Centuries ...................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Settlement Distribution ................................................................................... 10 2.2.1.1 Role of the River Systems............................................................................. 10 2.2.1.2 Early Roads .................................................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Distribution of Lands ....................................................................................... 11 2.2.3 Primary Euro-American Settler Groups ........................................................... 12 2.2.3.1 Settlers from the New England and New York Hearth in Wisconsin ................................................................................................. 13 2.2.3.2 Mid-Atlantic Hearth ....................................................................................... 13 2.2.3.3 English and Irish Immigrants ........................................................................ 14 2.2.3.4 German Immigrants ...................................................................................... 18 2.2.3.5 Norwegian Immigrants.................................................................................. 22 2.2.3.6 Swedish Immigrants ..................................................................................... 23 2.3 Historic Characteristics of Upper Midwest Farmsteads ............................................. 24 2.3.1 Typical Farmstead Arrangements ................................................................... 24 2.3.1.1 Shared Compass Arrangement .................................................................... 25 2.3.1.2 Courtyard Arrangement ................................................................................ 26 2.3.1.3 Free-Form Arrangement................................................................................ 26 2.3.2 Barn Typologies in the Midwest ...................................................................... 29 2.3.2.1 Three-Bay Barns ............................................................................................ 29 2.3.2.2 Bank Barns .................................................................................................... 31 2.3.2.3 Nonorthogonal Barns .................................................................................... 32 2.3.2.4 Evolution from Post-And-Beam, Plank-Frame, and Balloon-Frame Barns ............................................................................................ 34 2.3.3 Evolution and Typical Characteristics of Associated Farmstead Infrastructure ................................................................................................... 37 2.3.3.1 Silos ............................................................................................................... 37 2.3.3.2 Corn Cribs ...................................................................................................... 40 2.3.3.3 Poultry Houses .............................................................................................. 41 2.3.3.4 Hog Houses ................................................................................................... 42 2.3.4 Houses .............................................................................................................. 43 2.4 Euro-American Historical Periods in Monroe County .................................................. 48 2.4.1 Settlement Period (1854–1880) .................................................................... 48 2.4.2 Agricultural Period (1880–1942) ................................................................... 49 2.4.3 Military Period (1909–Present, South Post; and 1942–Present, North Post) .................................................................................................................. 49 2.4.4 Euro-American Settlement Patterns in Monroe County ................................. 50 2.4.5 Immigrants ....................................................................................................... 51 2.4.5.1 Ethnic Communities within the Boundaries of Fort Mccoy ......................... 52 2.4.5.2 German Immigrants ...................................................................................... 53 2.4.5.3 Scandinavian Immigrants ............................................................................. 54 2.4.5.4 Irish, English, and Welsh Immigrants .......................................................... 55 2.4.6 Characteristics of Agriculture and Farmsteads .............................................. 62 2.4.7 Dairying ............................................................................................................. 63 2.4.8 Early Trends in the Monroe County Dairy Industry ......................................... 65 2.5 Nineteenth Century Ho-Chunk Agriculture and Homesteads ..................................... 67 2.6 Relevant Studies in Farmstead Archaeology Since 2003 and Farmstead Research at Fort Mccoy, 2003–Present ..................................................................... 71 2.6.1 Relevant Studies in Farmstead Archaeology Since 2003 ............................. 72 2.6.1.1 Michelle M. Terrell, Historical Archaeology of Minnesota Farmsteads (Shafer MN: Two Pines Resource Group, LLC, 2006) ....................................................................................................... 72 2.6.1.2 Susan Granger and Scott Kelly, Historic Context Study of Minnesota Farmsteads, 1820–1860, Volumes I–III (Morris MN: Gemini Research, 2005). ................................................................ 75 2.6.1.3 Mark D. Groover, the Archaeology of North American Farmsteads (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008) ................ 76 2.6.1.4 Carey L. Baxter, Susan I. Enscore, Ellen R. Hartman, Benjamin C. Mertens, and Dawn a. Morrison, Nationwide Context and Evaluation Methodology for Farmstead and Ranch Historic Sites (Champaign, IL: ERDC-CERL, 2021) ................................ 77 2.6.1.5 Denise P. Messick, J. W. Joseph, and Natalie P. Adams, Tilling the Earth: Georgia’s Historic Agricultural Heritage—a Context (Atlanta: Georgia Department of Natural Resources, 2001) .................................................................................... 77 2.6.2 Summary of Farmstead Archaeology at Fort Mccoy, 2003–Present ............ 78 2.6.2.1 Typical Characteristics of a National Register of Historic Places (NRHP)–Eligible Farmstead Site at Fort Mccoy .......................... 80 2.6.2.1.1 Genesis or Transitional Agricultural Periods .......................................... 80 2.6.2.1.2 Age 82 2.6.2.1.3 Duration of Occupation ........................................................................... 82 2.6.3 Courses of Action for Future Farmstead Investigations at Fort Mccoy ......... 82 2.6.3.1 Lidar ............................................................................................................... 82 2.6.3.2 Photographs .................................................................................................. 93 2.6.4 Potential Hazards ............................................................................................. 95 3 Potential Structures or Farmsteads Not Documented in Existing Reports of Investigation (ROIs) ...................................................................................................................... 98 3.1 Tracts Associated with 1942 Government Acquisition ............................................. 111 3.1.1 Tract 4, Lafayette Township .......................................................................... 111 3.1.2 Tract 10, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 113 3.1.3 Tract 13, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 115 3.1.4 Tract 15, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 119 3.1.5 Tract 20, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 120 3.1.6 Tract 21, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 122 3.1.7 Tract 24, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 123 3.1.8 Tract 25, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 126 3.1.9 Tract 37, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 129 3.1.10 Tract 41, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 132 3.1.11 Tract 42, Lafayette Township ........................................................................ 135 3.1.12 Tract 48, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 138 3.1.13 Tract 49, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 141 3.1.14 Tract 51, Lafayette Township ........................................................................ 143 3.1.15 Tract 58, Lafayette Township ........................................................................ 145 3.1.16 Tract 60, Greenfield Township (Impact Zone) .............................................. 146 3.1.17 Tract 63, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 149 3.1.18 Tract 66, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 151 3.1.19 Tract 81, Greenfield Township ...................................................................... 153 3.1.20 Tract 91, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 156 3.1.21 Tract 92, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ................................................ 161 3.1.22 Tract 95, Lafayette Township ........................................................................ 164 3.1.23 Tract 100, Grant Township ............................................................................ 167 3.1.24 Tract 102, Grant Township ............................................................................ 169 3.1.25 Tract 103, Grant Township ............................................................................ 171 3.1.26 Tract 107, Grant Township ............................................................................ 173 3.1.27 Tract 117, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 176 3.1.28 Tract 120, Lafayette Township ...................................................................... 178 3.1.29 Tract 121, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ............................................. 180 3.1.30 Tract 122, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ............................................. 182 3.1.31 Tract 124, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ............................................. 184 3.1.32 Tract 125, Lafayette Township (Impact Zone) ............................................. 186 3.1.33 Tract 126, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 189 3.1.34 Tract 136, Grant Township ............................................................................ 192 3.1.35 Tract 137, Greenfield Township .................................................................... 194 3.1.36 Tract 141, Greenfield Township .................................................................... 198 3.1.37 Tract 147, Greenfield Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 201 3.1.38 Tract 148, Greenfield Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 203 3.1.39 Tract 150, Greenfield Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 204 3.1.40 Tract 154, Greenfield Township .................................................................... 207 3.1.41 Tract 201, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 209 3.1.42 Tract 209, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 211 3.1.43 Tract 214, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 212 3.1.44 Tract 218, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 216 3.1.45 Tract 220, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 218 3.1.46 Tract 221, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 222 3.1.47 Tract 222, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 225 3.1.48 Tract 225, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 227 3.1.49 Tract 229, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 230 3.1.50 Tract 231, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 233 3.1.51 Tract 232, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 236 3.1.52 Tract 234, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 242 3.1.53 Tract 236, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 245 3.1.54 Tract 237, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 249 3.1.55 Tract 238, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 254 3.1.56 Tract 242, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 258 3.1.57 Tract 251, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 261 3.1.58 Tract 253, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ............................................ 264 3.1.59 Tracts 254 and 255, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) ........................... 266 3.1.60 Tracts 256, New Lyme Township (Impact Zone) .......................................... 270 3.1.61 Tract 261, New Lyme Township .................................................................... 275 3.1.62 Tract 263, Grant Township ............................................................................ 276 3.1.63 Tract 264, Grant Township ............................................................................ 280 3.1.64 Tract 273, Grant Township ............................................................................ 282 3.1.65 Tract 274, Grant Township ............................................................................ 284 3.1.66 Tract 284, Grant Township ............................................................................ 287 3.1.67 Tract 287, Grant Township ............................................................................ 289 3.1.68 Tract 293, Grant Township ............................................................................ 291 3.1.69 Tract 295, Grant Township ............................................................................ 294 3.1.70 Tract 297, Grant Township ............................................................................ 296 3.1.71 Tract 300, Grant Township ............................................................................ 298 3.1.72 Tract 313, Grant Township ............................................................................ 301 3.1.73 Tract 322, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 303 3.1.74 Tract 324, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 306 3.1.75 Tract 326, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 310 3.1.76 Tract 328, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 313 3.1.77 Tract 329, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 316 3.1.78 Tract 332, Grant Township (Impact Zone) .................................................... 317 3.1.79 Tract 334, Grant Township ............................................................................ 320 3.1.80 Tract 335, Grant Township ............................................................................ 322 3.1.81 Tract 338, Grant Township ............................................................................ 324 3.1.82 Tract 339, Grant Township ............................................................................ 326 3.1.83 Tract 343, Grant Township ............................................................................ 327 3.1.84 Tract 353, Grant Township ............................................................................ 330 3.1.85 Tract 360, Angelo Township .......................................................................... 332 3.1.86 Tract 370, Angelo Township .......................................................................... 334 3.1.87 Tract 372, Angelo Township .......................................................................... 337 3.1.88 Tract 379, Angelo Township .......................................................................... 340 3.2 Sites Associated with Pre-1942 Acquisition Activity ................................................. 342 3.2.1 Greenfield Township, Section 34, Southeast Quarter Section .................... 343 3.2.2 Greenfield Township, Section 34, Southwest Quarter Section ................... 345 3.2.3 Lafayette Township, Section 35, Southwest Quarter Section (1) ............... 346 3.2.4 Lafayette Township, Section 35, Southwest Quarter Section (2) ............... 347 3.2.5 Lafayette Township, Section 35, Southeast Quarter Section (1) ................ 351 3.2.6 Lafayette Township, Section 35, Southeast Quarter Section (2) ................ 352 3.2.7 Adrian Township, Section 16, Northeast Quarter Section ........................... 354 3.2.8 Adrian Township, Section 20, Northeast Quarter Section ........................... 356 3.2.9 Adrian Township, Section 21, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 357 3.2.10 Adrian Township, Section 21, Southwest Quarter Section .......................... 358 3.2.11 Angelo Township, Section 1, Southeast Quarter Section ............................ 360 3.2.12 Angelo Township, Section 9, Southwest Quarter Section ............................ 361 3.2.13 Angelo Township, Section 10, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 362 3.2.14 Angelo Township, Section 10, Southeast Quarter Section .......................... 364 3.2.15 Angelo Township, Section 10, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 366 3.2.16 Angelo Township, Section 13, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 368 3.2.17 Angelo Township, Section 14, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 370 3.2.18 Angelo Township, Section 15, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 372 3.2.19 Angelo Township, Section 16, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 374 3.2.20 Angelo Township, Section 16, Southeast Quarter Section .......................... 376 3.2.21 Angelo Township, Section 16, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 378 3.2.22 Angelo Township, Section 20, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 380 3.2.23 Angelo Township, Section 20, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 382 3.2.24 Angelo Township, Section 20, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 383 3.2.25 Angelo Township, Section 21, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 385 3.2.26 Angelo Township, Section 21, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 386 3.2.27 Angelo Township, Section 21, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 388 3.2.28 Angelo Township, Section 21, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 389 3.2.29 Angelo Township, Section 22, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 391 3.2.30 Angelo Township, Section 22, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 393 3.2.31 Angelo Township, Section 24, Northeast Quarter Section .......................... 395 3.2.32 Angelo Township, Section 28, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 397 3.2.33 Angelo Township, Section 28, Northwest Quarter Section .......................... 399 3.2.34 Angelo Township, Section 29, Southwest Quarter Section ......................... 401 3.2.35 Lafayette Township, Section 25, Southwest Quarter Section ..................... 402 3.2.36 Lafayette Township, Section 26, Southwest Quarter Section ..................... 404 3.2.37 Lafayette Township, Section 27, Northeast Quarter Section ...................... 405 3.2.38 Lafayette Township, Section 34, Northeast Quarter Section ...................... 406 3.2.39 Lafayette Township, Section 34, Southwest Quarter Section ..................... 407 3.2.40 Greenfield Township, Section 31, Northeast Quarter Section .................... 408 3.2.41 Greenfield Township, Section 34, Northeast Quarter Section .................... 410 3.2.42 Greenfield Township, Section 34, Southeast Quarter Section .................... 411 3.2.43 Greenfield Township, Section 34, Northwest Quarter Section .................... 412 3.3 Other Features Notated on the 1909 Military Map .................................................. 414 4 Conclusions and Recommendations ...................................................................................... 418 4.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 418 4.2 Recommendations ..................................................................................................... 419 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................... 420 Appendix: Oral History Questions ................................................................................................... 428 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................... 431 Report Documentation Page (SF 298) ........................................................................................... 432 | - |
| dc.format.extent | 476 pages / 32.6 MB | - |
| dc.format.medium | - | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Technical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CERL TR-23-29 | - |
| dc.rights | Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited | - |
| dc.source | This Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat | - |
| dc.subject | Cartography | en_US |
| dc.subject | Fort McCoy (Wis.) | en_US |
| dc.subject | Historic buildings | en_US |
| dc.subject | Historic context | en_US |
| dc.subject | Historic preservation---Abandoned farms | en_US |
| dc.title | Cartographic comparative analysis of undocumented farmsteads at Fort McCoy, Wisconsin | en_US |
| dc.type | Report | en_US |
| Appears in Collections: | Technical Report | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERDC-CERL TR-23-29.pdf | 32.6 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |