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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9092| Title: | Heat transfer from water flowing through a chilled-bed open channel |
| Authors: | Richmond, Paul W. Lunardini, Virgil J. |
| Keywords: | Freshwater ice Ice cover Heat transfer Heat transmission Water flows Hydraulics Thermal properties |
| Publisher: | Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) |
| Series/Report no.: | CRREL report ; 90-3. |
| Description: | CRREL Report Abstract: Observations and experiments have shown that heat transfer is greater for water flowing over ice than for water flowing over flat plates without melting. The mechanisms that contribute to this increased heat transfer are not completely understood. One possible cause is the density inversion of water at 4°C. In order to investigate this effect on heat transfer, a small open-channel flume was designed and constructed. Experiments were conducted with the flume bed at temperatures slightly above 0°C and at temperatures above 4°C. Bulk water temperatures ranged from 5° to 33°C. Flow data were obtained for 2.5 x 10 3 < Re(H)< 10(5). At high flow rates (fully developed turbulent flow) heat transfer correlations were determined and compared with other correlations. The correlations obtained from these experiments initially showed higher heat transfer rates than those obtained from experiments in larger flumes with ice present. This is thought to be due to a difference in velocity profiles caused by the flume width. Once velocity corrections were made to the data, they agreed more closely with experiments from wider flumes. The results indicate that the density inversion of water could account for most of the increased turbulent heat transfer observed between melting and nonmelting systems. The heat transfer data at low flow rates are more qualitative than quantitative due to difficulty in obtaining accurate data. |
| Rights: | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11681/9092 |
| Appears in Collections: | CRREL Report |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR-90-3.pdf | 1.03 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |