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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5766| Title: | Evaluation of forest canopies by photography |
| Authors: | Johnson, Philip L., 1931- Vogel, Theodore C. |
| Keywords: | Tree crown Forests Forest canopy Forestry Geography Measurement Photography Hemispherical photographs Hemispherical lens Explosions Radioactivity Growing season Forest shade light Target detection |
| Publisher: | Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) |
| Series/Report no.: | Research report (Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)) ; 253. |
| Description: | Research Report Abstract: A technique for evaluating forest canopies was developed based on the use of a divergent lens system to obtain hemispherical photographs of tree crowns. The photography was processed from 35 mm film and enlarged as a silhouette, and the light transmission was measured with a specially fabricated macrodensitometer. It is concluded that the amount of forest canopy can be expressed as canopy closure index (CCI) at a precision of approximately 5%. It is shown by application to a variety of problems in diverse geographical areas that this technique can be used for measuring both temporal and spatial changes in the canopy, for estimating the shade light climate, and for specifying the probability of target detection through a canopy. Data are presented to analyze changes caused by explosions, radioactivity, growing season, and vegetation types. The geometry of gaps in tree crowns is discussed and the nature of shade light quality under forests is illustrated. |
| Rights: | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5766 |
| Appears in Collections: | Research Report |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CRREL-Research-Report-253.pdf | 1.38 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |