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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9548| Title: | Apparent anomaly in freezing of ordinary water |
| Authors: | Swinzow, George K., 1915- |
| Keywords: | Freezing water Ice Ice formation Temperature gradients Temperature inversions Thermal anomaly |
| Publisher: | Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) |
| Series/Report no.: | CRREL report ; 76-20. |
| Description: | CRREL Report Abstract: Under ordinary conditions the freezing of water begins with supercooling and ice nucleation, and proceeds at 0°C at the ice/water interface until ice formation stops. The presence of solutes, high pressure, or dispersal in fine pores causes the water to freeze at temperatures below 0°C (the so-called freezing point depression). Whenever freezing begins, it proceeds at a constant temperature, or at a temperature which becomes progressively lower. A temperature rise during ice formation is considered here to be an anomaly. Under all equal circumstances, the conditions under which an anomalous freezing temperature is observable appear to be very special. This report describes two different experiments displaying the anomalous rise of temperature after nucleation and during ice formation. In one case the water was dispersed in the fine pores of fine powders; in the other case pure water was frozen in a transparent insulated cell. Photographic observations were made; relations of ice surface to water volume were measured. |
| Rights: | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11681/9548 |
| Appears in Collections: | CRREL Report |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CR-76-20.pdf | 6.86 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |