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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/6489
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dc.contributor.authorNixon, Scott W., 1943-2012en_US
dc.contributor.authorLee, Virginia-
dc.creatorUniversity of Rhode Island. Graduate School of Oceanographyen_US
dc.creatorWetlands Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-23T20:10:13Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-03-23T20:10:13Zen_US
dc.date.issued1986-10en_US
dc.identifier.govdocTechnical Report Y-86-2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/6489en_US
dc.descriptionTechnical reporten_US
dc.description.abstractThis report is the first in a series of four literature reviews on wetland functions and values. Each review covers one of the following four broad wetlands functions and values: (1.) water quality, (2.) fish and wildlife habitat, (3.) socioeconomics, and (4.) hydraulics. The four reports, along with other information, were used to develop a multiyear wetlands functions and values research study plan implemented by the US Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station. This report examines the literature on water quality functions of wetlands. The coterminous United States and Alaska were divided into seven geographic regions representing groups of Corps of Engineers Districts. Within each geographic region, the quality and quantity of literature were examined by wetland type and function within wetland type. The specific water quality functions examined included wetlands as sources, sinks, and transformers of nutrients and heavy metals. A review of literature on mass balance studies of nutrients and heavy metals was also provided for each region. Recommendations are provided to address data gaps identified during the literature review. Study results indicated considerable diversity in the quantity and quality of wetlands water quality literature between and within each geographic region of the coterminous United States and Alaska. In general, wetlands water quality has been studied most intensely in the estuarine marshes of the Gulf and North Atlantic coasts. Water quality in freshwater wetlands has not received attention commensurate with the wide distribution of these wetland types. Most previous wetlands water quality research has been fragmented into site-specific or function-specific studies. Very few mass balance studies have been conducted. Two complementary approaches to addressing wetlands water quality research data gaps are recommended. The first approach is to develop mass balances or budgets of carbon, nutrients, heavy metals, and other possible pollutants. The mass balance studies should be determined at carefully selected field sites over several annual cycles. The second approach would focus on the design, construction, and use of experimental wetland microcosms. The microcosms would permit assessment of the fates and effects of various materials under highly controlled conditions.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipPrepared tor Department of the Army, US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC 20314-1000 under Contract No. DACW39-83-M-0366en_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsPreface............................................................................................................1 Foreword.........................................................................................................3 Introduction......................................................................................................6 Background.....................................................................................................6 References--Introduction...............................................................................12 Region 1 - Alaska..........................................................................................14 Mass Balance Studies...................................................................................18 Wetlands as Sources.....................................................................................20 Wetlands as Sinks.........................................................................................28 Wetlands as Transformers.............................................................................32 Summary.......................................................................................................33 References--Region 1...................................................................................36 Region 2 - Pacific Coast................................................................................39 Mass Balance Studies...................................................................................39 Wetlands as Sources.....................................................................................42 Wetlands as Sinks.........................................................................................50 Wetlands as Transformers............................................................................55 Summary.......................................................................................................55 References--Region 2...................................................................................57 Region 3 - Gulf and South Atlantic Coasts....................................................61 Mass Balance Studies..................................................................................64 Wetlands as Sources....................................................................................74 Wetlands as Sinks.......................................................................................100 Wetlands as Transformers...........................................................................112 Summary......................................................................................................117 References--Region 3..................................................................................119 Region 4 - North Atlantic.............................................................................132 Mass Balance Studies.................................................................................132 Wetlands as Sources...................................................................................146 Wetlands as Sinks.......................................................................................156 Wetlands as Transformers...........................................................................166 Summary.....................................................................................................166 References--Region 4.................................................................................169 Region 5 - Interior: North Central-Great Lakes...........................................176 Mass Balance Studies................................................................................176 Wetlands as Sources..................................................................................182 Wetlands as Sinks......................................................................................187 Wetlands as Transformers..........................................................................194 Summary.....................................................................................................196 References--Region 5................................................................................198 Region 6 - Interior: Desert Steppe..............................................................202 Discussion..................................................................................................202 References--Region 6................................................................................202 Region 7 - Interior: Midcentral....................................................................203 Mass Balance Studies...............................................................................203 Wetlands as Sources.................................................................................207 Wetlands as Sinks.....................................................................................212 Wetlands as Transformers........................................................................213 Summary...................................................................................................216 References--Region 7...............................................................................218 Summary...................................................................................................221 Research Recommendations...................................................................223 Field Studies.............................................................................................224 Microcosm Studies...................................................................................225 Calibration, Intercalibration, and Methods Development..........................227 References--Research Recommendations..............................................229en_US
dc.format.extent23 pagesen_US
dc.format.mediumPDFen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1040940en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Wetlands Research Program (U.S.)) ; no. Technical Report Y-86-2en_US
dc.rightsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited.en_US
dc.sourceThe ERDC Library created this digital resource using one or more of the following: Zeta TS-0995, Zeutcehl OS 12000, HP HD Pro 42-in. map scanner, Epson flatbeden_US
dc.subjectLiterature reviewen_US
dc.subjectResearchen_US
dc.subjectWater qualityen_US
dc.subjectPollutionen_US
dc.subjectContaminationen_US
dc.subjectWetlandsen_US
dc.subjectEnvironmental aspectsen_US
dc.titleWetlands and water quality : a regional review of recent research in the United States on the role of freshwater and saltwater wetlands as sources, sinks, and transformers of nitrogen, phosphorus, and various heavy metalsen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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