1. ERDC Knowledge Core
  2. Federally Sponsored Research Programs Reports
  3. Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (APCRP)
  4. Publication
  5. Technical Report
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/6378
Full metadata record
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorMadsen, John Douglasen_US
dc.contributor.authorLuu, Kien T.en_US
dc.contributor.authorGetsinger, Kurt D.en_US
dc.creatorAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.creatorEnvironmental Laboratory (U.S.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-23T19:55:09Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-03-23T19:55:09Zen_US
dc.date.issued1993-01en_US
dc.identifier.govdocTechnical Report A-93-3en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/6378en_US
dc.descriptionTechnical Reporten_US
dc.description.abstractCurrently, little biologically based understanding exists for the optimum timing of control tactics, with respect to time of year and stage of growth of target plant. A better understanding of plant life cycles and carbohydrate allocation patterns may elucidate weak points in the life cycle of target plants and allow optimum application of control measures. The objectives of this study were to verify previous small-scale waterhyacinth carbohydrate allocation studies in a large pond environment, and to elucidate carbohydrate and biomass allocation patterns in waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms). Waterhyacinth was grown in a 0.3-ha pond near Lewisville, TX, from June 1989 to March 1990. Monthly plant samples were taken and sorted into component plant parts (i.e., leaf petioles, leaf laminae, stolons, stembases, roots, inflorescences, and dead material), which were then analyzed for free sugars, starch, and total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC). Maximum plant biomass ranged from 991 to 1,146 g m⁻² during the period July through November 1989. Leaves and roots were the highest proportion of living plant mass, followed by stembases. Leaves were composed of 60 to 65 percent petioles and 35 to 40 percent laminae. A heavy frost in December killed above-water plant parts, mostly leaves. Carbohydrate concentrations were highest in stembases (up to 40 percent TNC), followed by stolons (15 percent); other plant parts were 10 percent or less. TNC mass per unit area was highest in leaf petioles before the frost, and in stembases after the frost. During the growing season, 60 percent of TNC was found in the leaf tissue on a per unit area or total plant weight basis, whereas only 20 percent was stored in the stembase. After frost, most of the plant's TNC was found in the stembase, since the TNC stored in the leaves was lost as dead material. The primary weak point in the life cycle of waterhyacinth, defined as the time of lowest whole-plant TNC stores, was observed in the early summer, before plants had built up sufficient carbohydrate reserves to provide for regrowth. A secondary period of potential low recovery would be in early fall, before a large proportion of total plant carbohydrates is stored as starch in the stembase. In general, control will be more effective when applied to small colonies not yet developed into mature stands, whether early in the year or early in the invasion or recovery cycle.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineersen_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsList of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v 1-Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Waterhyacinth Biology and Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Application of Phenology to Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2-Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Meteorological Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Plant Sampling and Carbohydrate Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3-Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Meteorological Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Seasonal Biomass Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Carbohydrate Concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Carbohydrate Mass Balance -Mass per Unit Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management Strategies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 4-Conclusions and Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31en_US
dc.format.extent41 pages/6.92 MBen_US
dc.format.mediumPDFen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1043531en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)) ; no.Technical Report A-93-3en_US
dc.rightsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimiteden_US
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created from scans of the Print Resourceen_US
dc.subjectAllocationen_US
dc.subjectBiomassen_US
dc.subjectCarbohydratesen_US
dc.subjectEichhornia crassipesen_US
dc.subjectLife cycleen_US
dc.subjectPhenologyen_US
dc.subjectStarchen_US
dc.subjectWaterhyacinthen_US
dc.subjectWeak pointsen_US
dc.subjectAquatic plantsen_US
dc.subjectAquatic weedsen_US
dc.subjectAquatic plant controlen_US
dc.subjectAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.titleAllocation of biomass and carbohydrates in waterhyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) : pond-scale verificationen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
TR-A-93-3.pdfTechnical Report A-93-36.92 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail
View/Open
Show simple item record