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dc.contributor.authorGetsinger, Kurt D.en_US
dc.contributor.authorFox, Alison M.en_US
dc.contributor.authorHaller, William T.en_US
dc.creatorUniversity of Florida. Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plantsen_US
dc.creatorAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.creatorU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-23T19:47:41Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-03-23T19:47:41Zen_US
dc.date.issued1996-09en_US
dc.identifier.govdocMiscellaneous Paper A-96-3en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/6280en_US
dc.descriptionMiscellaneous Paperen_US
dc.description.abstractUsing herbicides to control submersed plants in static water conditions is a predictable and effective method for managing nuisance vegetation; however, chemical applications in areas of high water exchange can often result in inconsistent control of target plants. Poor plant control can be related to concentration/exposure time (CET) relationships of particular herbicides and target plant species. Many unsuccessful treatments can be attributed to off-target movement of treated water due to hydrodynamic processes. A long-term work unit was initiated to examine the problems and inconsistencies associated with using herbicides in flowing-water systems. The objectives of this effort were to (A.) characterize flow velocities and water-exchange patterns in submersed plant stands under a variety of simulated and field conditions, (B.) evaluate application techniques that maximize herbicide contact time in flowing-water environments, and (C.) provide guidance to operational personnel for improving the control of nuisance submersed vegetation in high water-exchange environments. Field studies using electronic flowmeters and tracer dyes showed that dense stands of submersed macrophytes substantially alter water movement in lotic environments, potentially reducing herbicide contact time. Intrastand flow velocities can be quite low compared with velocities along the outside edges of the plant stand. Results from more sensitive tracer dye studies indicated that subtle water-exchange patterns (both within and outside stands), driven by temperature, wind, and other factors, can also reduce herbicide contact time. Additional field studies coupled water-exchange information with laboratory-derived CET relationships and verified the predicted efficacy against Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla. Correlations were established between the behavior of the inert dye rhodamine WT (RWT) with selected herbicides in a variety of flowing-water systems, demonstrating that RWT can be used to simulate herbicide dissipation. These dye/herbicide evaluations contributed to the development of prescription treatment strategies to improve the control of Eurasian watermilfoil and hydrilla. Field verification of these strategies occurred in 10 lake, reservoir, and river systems around the country.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineersen_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsPreface..................................iv 1-Introduction..................................1 Background..................................1 Chemical Control in Flowing Water..................................2 2-Flowmeter Studies: 1986-1987..................................4 3-Tracer Dye Studies; 1987-1990..................................6 4-Operational Herbicide Evaluations: 1989-1995..................................8 5-Conclusions and Recommendations..................................10 Conclusions..................................10 Recommendations..................................11 References..................................12 SF298en_US
dc.format.extent24 pages/1.07 MBen_US
dc.format.mediumPDFen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1043969en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMiscellaneous Paper (Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)) ; no.Miscellaneous Paper A-96-3en_US
dc.rightsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimiteden_US
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created from scans of the Print Resourceen_US
dc.subjectAquatic plant controlen_US
dc.subjectEurasian watermilfoilen_US
dc.subjectHerbicide concentration/exposure timeen_US
dc.subjectHerbicidesen_US
dc.subjectHydrillaen_US
dc.subjectRhodamine WTen_US
dc.subjectSubmersed plant standsen_US
dc.subjectWater exchangeen_US
dc.subjectAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.titleHerbicide application technique development for flowing water : summary of research accomplishmentsen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
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