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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/6224
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dc.contributor.authorKillgore, K. Jacken_US
dc.creatorAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.creatorEnvironmental Laboratory (U.S.)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-23T19:47:24Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-03-23T19:47:24Zen_US
dc.date.issued1984-12en_US
dc.identifier.govdocMiscellaneous Paper A-84-8en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/6224en_US
dc.descriptionMiscellaneous Paperen_US
dc.description.abstractAdjuvants (i.e. polymers, inverting oils, attaclay granules, controlled-release granules) were used in conjunction with the herbicides 2,4-D, diquat, and/or endothall to evaluate their effectiveness for the control of Myriophyllum spicatum L. in the Okanogan River and Lake Osoyoos, Wash. The formulations which reduced sparse to moderately dense M. spicatum colonies by over 15 percent in Lake Osoyoos were 2,4-D/attaclay granular (Aqua-Kleen) applied at 20 kg acid equivalent (a.e.) 2,4-D/ha (1.2 mg/l), and 2,4-D/polymer applied at 33 kg a.e. 2,4-D/ha (1.8 mg/l). The 2,4-D applied at a rate of 34 kg a.e. 2,4-D/ha (1.2-1.4 mg/l) and used with both a polymer and an invert reduced dense M. spicatum colonies (i.e. >300 g/m² dry weight) by less than 40 percent in Lake Osoyoos; the primary reason was rapid growth of the underlying biomass. A diquat/polymer formulation applied at a rate of 27 kg a.e. diquat cation/ha (1.0 mg/l) resulted in a 90-percent reduction of a dense M. spicatum colony (i.e. >300 g/m² dry weight). Endothall used with and without polymers and inverts did not effectively control (i.e., 0- to 65-percent reduction) moderately dense to dense M. spicatwn colonies in the lake at application rates varying from 10 to 40 kg a.e. endothall/ha (0.5 to 1.6 mg/l). Regrowth was evident in these plots. Two controlled-release formulations designed to release low amounts of 2,4-D into the water for an extended time resulted in a 16- to 67-percent reduction of moderately dense to dense M. spicatum colonies. The 2,4-D/attaclay granular and the 2,4-D/polymer were applied to dense M. spicatwn colonies at a rate of 45 kg (a.e.)/ha in flowing water (9 to 15 ems) resulting in a 78-to 80-percent reduction of the treated plants (results of the 2,4-D/attaclay granular may be biased due to interplot contamination). A 2,4-D/invert formulation applied to a dense M. spicatum colony in flowing water (i.e. 9 cms) at a rate of 12 kg a.e./ha resulted in a 40-percent reduction in the treated colony. Persistence of waterborne herbicide residue ranged from 2 hr in flowing water to 2 weeks in nonflowing water. All waterborne herbicide residues were below 0.1 mg/l 24 hr after treatment. Dispersal of the herbicide was evident in all river treatment plots. The invert formulations provided a higher and more sustained herbicide level on the M. spicatum plants than the granular or polymer formulations (i.e. 540 μg/l 2,4-D in the invert plot M. spicatum plants 32 days posttreatment). Some 2,4-D was detected in the sediment up to 32 days in the 2,4-D/attaclay granular plot while the 2,4-D in the polymer and invert plots persisted for only 8 days. No changes in water quality were observed in response to treatment. However, water velocity was reduced by over 50 percent in the dense M. spicatum colonies relative to the velocity outside the colony.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Seattle Districten_US
dc.description.sponsorshipAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineersen_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsPreface............................1 List of Figures............................3 Part I: Introduction............................4 Background............................4 Purpose and Scope............................5 Objectives............................5 Study Approach............................5 Part II: Site Description............................6 Description of Study Site............................6 Phenology and Growth Characteristics of M. spicatum............................7 Aquatic Plant Community............................7 Part III: Methods and Materials............................9 Herbicide Formulations............................9 Test Plot Establishment............................10 Data Collection Techniques............................10 Data Analysis............................12 Part IV: Results............................14 1980............................14 1981............................15 1982............................18 Part V: Discussion............................26 Still Water Applications............................26 Moving Water Applications............................29 Part VI: Conclusions and Recommendations............................31 Conclusions............................31 Recommendations............................32 References............................34 Tables 1-17 Appendix A: Water Quality Measurements............................A1 Appendix B: Herbicide Analysis Techniques and Recovery Rates............................B1 Appendix C: Linear Correlation and Percent Moisture for Selected Aquatic Plants Sampled in 1980............................C1en_US
dc.format.extent67 pages/2.81 MBen_US
dc.format.mediumPDFen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1044166en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesMiscellaneous Paper (Aquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)) ; no.Miscellaneous Paper A-84-8en_US
dc.rightsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimiteden_US
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created from scans of the Print Resourceen_US
dc.subjectAdjuvantsen_US
dc.subjectHerbicidesen_US
dc.subjectPolymersen_US
dc.subjectBiomassen_US
dc.subjectInvertsen_US
dc.subjectResidueen_US
dc.subjectEffectivenessen_US
dc.subjectMyriophyllum spicatumen_US
dc.subjectEurasian watermilfoilen_US
dc.subjectWater qualityen_US
dc.subjectFlowing wateren_US
dc.subjectPlant heighten_US
dc.subjectAquatic plant controlen_US
dc.subjectAquatic Plant Control Research Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.titleUse of herbicide/adjuvant formulations for the control of Myriophyllum spicatum L.en_US
dc.typeReporten_US
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