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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5820
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DC Field | Value | Language |
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dc.contributor | Polar Continental Shelf Project (Canada) | - |
dc.contributor | Amoco Production Company | - |
dc.contributor.author | Cox, G. F. N. (Gordon F. N.) | - |
dc.contributor.author | Weeks, W. F. | - |
dc.date.accessioned | 2016-03-21T21:08:42Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-03-21T21:08:42Z | - |
dc.date.issued | 1975-12 | - |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5820 | - |
dc.description | Research Report | - |
dc.description | Abstract: To obtain abetter understanding of the desalination ofnatural sea ice, an experimental technique was developed to measure sequential salinity profiles of a growing sodium chloride ice sheet. Using radioactive ^22Na as a tracer, it was possible to determine both the concentration and movement of the brine within the ice without destroying the sample. A detailed temperature and growth history of the ice was also maintained so that the variation of the salinity profiles could be properly interpreted. Since the experimental salinity profile represented asmoothed, rather than a true salinity distribution, a deconvolution method was devised to restore the true salinity profile. This was achieved without any significant loss of end points. In all respects, the salinity profiles are similar to those of natural sea ice. They have a characteristic 𝘊-shape, and clearly exhibit the effects of brine drainage. Not knowing the rates of brine expulsion or gravity drainage, the variation of the salinity profiles during the period of ice growth could be explained by either process. To determine the relative importance of the desalination mechanisms, a theoretical brine expulsion model was derived and compared to the experimental data. As input for the model, equations describing the variation of some properties of Nad brine with temperature were derived. These included the brine salinity, viscosity, specific heat, thermal conductivity, and latent heat of freezing. The theoretical brine expulsion model was derived by performing mass and energy balances over a control volume of NaCl ice. A simplified form of the model, when compared to the experimental results, indicated that brine expulsion was only important during the first several hours of ice growth, and later became a minor desalination process relative to gravity drainage which continued to be the dominant mechanism for the remainder ofthe study period (up to 6weeks). The rate of gravity drainage was found to be dependent on the brine volume and the temperature gradient ofthe ice. As either the brine volume or temperature gradient was increased, the rate of change of salinity due to gravity drainage increased. The equation commonly used to calculate the effective distribution coefficient (Weeks and Lofgren 1967) was modified and improved by taking brine drainage into account. An expression was also derived to give the distribution coefficient at very low growth velocities. | - |
dc.publisher | Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) | - |
dc.publisher | Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) | - |
dc.relation | http://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1015040 | - |
dc.relation.ispartofseries | Research report (Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)) ; 345. | - |
dc.rights | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. | - |
dc.source | This Digital Resource was created from scans of the Print Resource | - |
dc.subject | Brine | - |
dc.subject | Salts | - |
dc.subject | Ice | - |
dc.subject | Sea ice | - |
dc.subject | Ice thickness | - |
dc.subject | Desalination | - |
dc.subject | Sodium chloride | - |
dc.subject | Ice growth | - |
dc.subject | Solidification | - |
dc.subject | Solutions | - |
dc.subject | Salinity | - |
dc.subject | Ice structure | - |
dc.subject | Mathematical models | - |
dc.title | Brine drainage and initial salt entrapment in sodium chloride ice | - |
dc.type | Report | en_US |
Appears in Collections: | Research Report |
Files in This Item:
File | Description | Size | Format | |
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CRREL-Research-Report-345.pdf | 3.62 MB | Adobe PDF | View/Open |