Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5438| Title: | Bacterial survival in snow made from wastewater |
| Authors: | Parker, L. V. (Louise V.) Yushak, Melinda L. Martel, Courtland James. Reynolds, Charles M. (Charles Michael), 1950- |
| Keywords: | Bacterial survival Freeze-thaw Snow Snowfluent Wastewater Wastewater snow |
| Publisher: | Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) |
| Series/Report no.: | ERDC/CRREL ; TR-00-9. |
| Abstract: | This study examined the effects of a patented wastewater treatment process that makes snow from secondary wastewater, and the subsequent freeze-thaw cycling processes that occur in a snow column, on bacterial survival. Coliform bacteria were observed to be the most adversely affected by snowmaking, with more than a 3-log reduction in the total coliform counts and more than a 2-log reduction in the fecal coliform counts. Other species of bacteria were less affected by snowmaking, especially the gram-positive, fecal streptococci. Many species of bacteria also survived the multiple freeze-thaw cycles in the snow column and replicated during melting. |
| Description: | Technical Report |
| Rights: | Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/11681/5438 |
| Appears in Collections: | Technical Report |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERDC-CRREL-TR-00-9.pdf | 247.12 kB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |