Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/5320
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dc.contributor.authorHewitt, Alan D. (Alan Dole)-
dc.contributor.authorJenkins, Thomas F.-
dc.contributor.authorRamsey, Charles A.-
dc.contributor.authorBjella, Kevin L.-
dc.contributor.authorRanney, Thomas A.-
dc.contributor.authorPerron, Nancy M.-
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-21T16:36:41Z-
dc.date.available2016-03-21T16:36:41Z-
dc.date.issued2005-03-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/5320-
dc.descriptionTechnical Report-
dc.description.abstractSampling experiments were conducted at three artillery/mortar impact ranges at Fort Hood, Texas; 29 Palms, California; and Fort Carson, Colorado, and at a mortar firing point at Fort Carson. The objective of these investigations was to assess the use of multi-increment sampling as a means of estimating the concentrations and mass loading of energetic compounds in surface soils for decision units ranging in size from 100 to 10,000 m². In some cases, chunks of pure explosives were observed on the surface within the areas being sampled. These chunks were presumably present due to the partial (low-order) detonation of some type of munition during past training exercises, or from blowing in place of unexploded ordnance. Characterization was conducted using 49- to 100-increment surface samples that were collected using a systematic sampling design where individual increments were collected at equally spaced distances across the area. This was accomplished by dividing the area of concern into 49 to 100 equally sized subareas and collecting an increment from each sub-area to build the sample. The mass of multi-increment samples collected generally ranged from 1 to 2 kilograms. Replicate samples were collected to assess the reproducibility, i.e., sampling error. Average concentration estimates for the studied areas were used to estimate the mass loading for the energetic substances that were detected. The energetic compounds detected were generally RDX, HMX, and TNT for impact areas where the residue deposition appeared to be mostly from Composition-B-filled rounds. Sometimes the environmental transformation products of TNT, namely 2ADNT, 4ADNT, and TNB, were also detected. For the firing point area, only NG and 2,4DNT were detected. Overall, this sampling strategy was adequate to characterize a decision unit as large as 10,000 m² at a heavily used firing point. Compositional and distributional sources of error confounded efforts to consistently achieve a comparable level of uncertainty for these larger decision units on artillery and mortar impact ranges. Nevertheless, the collection of replicate multi-increment samples enhances the reliability of this sampling strategy and yields information on the extent and type of heterogeneity present.-
dc.description.sponsorshipStrategic Environmental Research and Development Program (U.S.)-
dc.publisherCold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)-
dc.publisherEngineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)-
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1001666-
dc.relation.ispartofseriesERDC/CRREL ; TR-05-7.-
dc.subjectPropellants-
dc.subjectBombing and gunnery ranges-
dc.subjectExplosives, Military-
dc.titleEstimating energetic residue loading on military artillery ranges : large decision units-
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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