Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/47078
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dc.contributor.authorEngel, Chandler S.-
dc.contributor.authorGiovando, Jeremy J.-
dc.contributor.authorHalvorson, Grant T.-
dc.creatorCold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)-
dc.date.accessioned2023-05-24T13:26:23Z-
dc.date.available2023-05-24T13:26:23Z-
dc.date.issued2023-05-
dc.identifier.govdocERDC/CRREL TR-23-4-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11681/47078-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47078-
dc.descriptionTechnical Reporten_US
dc.description.abstractIn early January 2022, the Paxton Siphon, owned and operated by the Nebraska Public Power District, filled with frazil ice creating a blockage that resulted in a rapid upstream stage rise for the Sutherland Canal. An event of this type has never happened in the over 80 years of operating the Paxton Siphon. An analysis of the available weather and canal data suggests a rapid air temperature change resulted in the water becoming supercooled, which combined with the moderately low flows in the canal resulted in an anomalous frazil ice formation event. To address this issue for future cold-weather events, a water-temperature model was developed using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System and can be used to determine the spatial extents of the supercooling event using forecasted weather information. In addition, we developed a heat-exchange forecast tool that can be used operationally to screen for potential frazil ice formation periods with a 1-week outlook period.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipNebraska Public Power District.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract .......................................................................................................................................................... ii Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................................... v Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Area ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Regional Climate ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.5 Approach ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 8 2 Summary of January 2022 Paxton Siphon Blockage Event ......................................................... 9 2.1 Weather Conditions ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Observed Stages and Action Taken by Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) ........................................................................................................................... 10 3 Methods and Data ..............................................................................................................................12 3.1 Stage and Flow Data .................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Climate Data ................................................................................................................. 12 3.3 Remote Sensing Data ................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Summary of Annual Ice Events .................................................................................... 13 3.5 Hydraulic Modeling ....................................................................................................... 13 3.6 Water Temperature Modeling ...................................................................................... 15 3.6.1 Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) Water Quality Module ................................................................................................. 15 3.6.2 Sutherland Canal Water-Temperature Model ................................................ 18 3.6.3 Lake Ogallala Water Temperature Model ....................................................... 19 3.7 Potential Frazil Ice Formation in Siphon ...................................................................... 20 3.8 Forecasting Tool for Ice Formation Potential .............................................................. 21 3.8.1 Heat Flux Calculations ..................................................................................... 22 3.8.1.1 Downwelling Shortwave Radiation ............................................................. 22 3.8.1.2 Downwelling Longwave Radiation .............................................................. 23 3.8.1.3 Upwelling Longwave Radiation ................................................................... 23 3.8.1.4 Sensible Heat .............................................................................................. 23 3.8.1.5 Latent Heat .................................................................................................. 24 3.8.2 Heat Flux Forecasts ......................................................................................... 25 3.8.3 Cooling Rate Forecast ...................................................................................... 25 3.8.4 Water Temperature Trace Forecast ................................................................ 26 3.8.5 Graphical User Interface (GUI) ........................................................................ 27 4 Results .................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.1 Summary of Annual Ice Events .................................................................................... 28 4.2 Hydraulic Modeling ....................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Water Temperature Modeling ...................................................................................... 31 4.3.1 Model Calibration and Error ............................................................................ 32 4.3.2 Energy and Temperature Results.................................................................... 34 4.3.3 January 2022 Events ....................................................................................... 39 4.4 Potential Frazil Ice Formation in Siphon ...................................................................... 44 4.5 Forecast Tool Output .................................................................................................... 45 5 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 48 5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 48 5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 49 References ................................................................................................................................................... 52 Appendix A: Temperature Model Results ............................................................................................... 55 Appendix B: Additional Historical Ice Events ........................................................................................ 56 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................... 60 Report Documentation Page (SF 298) ................................................................................................... 61-
dc.format.extent72 pages / 5.78 MB-
dc.format.mediumPDF-
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEngineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CRREL TR-23-4-
dc.rightsApproved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited-
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat-
dc.subjectFlood controlen_US
dc.subjectFrazil iceen_US
dc.subjectIce on rivers, lakes, etc.en_US
dc.subjectLake McConaughy (Neb.)en_US
dc.subjectLake Ogallala (Neb.)en_US
dc.titleAnalysis of Paxton Siphon frazil ice blockage event during January 2022en_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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