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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/47078Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Engel, Chandler S. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Giovando, Jeremy J. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Halvorson, Grant T. | - |
| dc.creator | Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.) | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2023-05-24T13:26:23Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2023-05-24T13:26:23Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2023-05 | - |
| dc.identifier.govdoc | ERDC/CRREL TR-23-4 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11681/47078 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/47078 | - |
| dc.description | Technical Report | en_US |
| dc.description.abstract | In early January 2022, the Paxton Siphon, owned and operated by the Nebraska Public Power District, filled with frazil ice creating a blockage that resulted in a rapid upstream stage rise for the Sutherland Canal. An event of this type has never happened in the over 80 years of operating the Paxton Siphon. An analysis of the available weather and canal data suggests a rapid air temperature change resulted in the water becoming supercooled, which combined with the moderately low flows in the canal resulted in an anomalous frazil ice formation event. To address this issue for future cold-weather events, a water-temperature model was developed using the Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System and can be used to determine the spatial extents of the supercooling event using forecasted weather information. In addition, we developed a heat-exchange forecast tool that can be used operationally to screen for potential frazil ice formation periods with a 1-week outlook period. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | Nebraska Public Power District. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... ii Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................................... v Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Study Area ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Regional Climate ............................................................................................................. 5 1.4 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.5 Approach ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.6 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 8 2 Summary of January 2022 Paxton Siphon Blockage Event ......................................................... 9 2.1 Weather Conditions ........................................................................................................ 9 2.2 Observed Stages and Action Taken by Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) ........................................................................................................................... 10 3 Methods and Data ..............................................................................................................................12 3.1 Stage and Flow Data .................................................................................................... 12 3.2 Climate Data ................................................................................................................. 12 3.3 Remote Sensing Data ................................................................................................... 13 3.4 Summary of Annual Ice Events .................................................................................... 13 3.5 Hydraulic Modeling ....................................................................................................... 13 3.6 Water Temperature Modeling ...................................................................................... 15 3.6.1 Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) Water Quality Module ................................................................................................. 15 3.6.2 Sutherland Canal Water-Temperature Model ................................................ 18 3.6.3 Lake Ogallala Water Temperature Model ....................................................... 19 3.7 Potential Frazil Ice Formation in Siphon ...................................................................... 20 3.8 Forecasting Tool for Ice Formation Potential .............................................................. 21 3.8.1 Heat Flux Calculations ..................................................................................... 22 3.8.1.1 Downwelling Shortwave Radiation ............................................................. 22 3.8.1.2 Downwelling Longwave Radiation .............................................................. 23 3.8.1.3 Upwelling Longwave Radiation ................................................................... 23 3.8.1.4 Sensible Heat .............................................................................................. 23 3.8.1.5 Latent Heat .................................................................................................. 24 3.8.2 Heat Flux Forecasts ......................................................................................... 25 3.8.3 Cooling Rate Forecast ...................................................................................... 25 3.8.4 Water Temperature Trace Forecast ................................................................ 26 3.8.5 Graphical User Interface (GUI) ........................................................................ 27 4 Results .................................................................................................................................................. 28 4.1 Summary of Annual Ice Events .................................................................................... 28 4.2 Hydraulic Modeling ....................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Water Temperature Modeling ...................................................................................... 31 4.3.1 Model Calibration and Error ............................................................................ 32 4.3.2 Energy and Temperature Results.................................................................... 34 4.3.3 January 2022 Events ....................................................................................... 39 4.4 Potential Frazil Ice Formation in Siphon ...................................................................... 44 4.5 Forecast Tool Output .................................................................................................... 45 5 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 48 5.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 48 5.2 Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 49 References ................................................................................................................................................... 52 Appendix A: Temperature Model Results ............................................................................................... 55 Appendix B: Additional Historical Ice Events ........................................................................................ 56 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................................... 60 Report Documentation Page (SF 298) ................................................................................................... 61 | - |
| dc.format.extent | 72 pages / 5.78 MB | - |
| dc.format.medium | - | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) | en_US |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Technical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CRREL TR-23-4 | - |
| dc.rights | Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited | - |
| dc.source | This Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat | - |
| dc.subject | Flood control | en_US |
| dc.subject | Frazil ice | en_US |
| dc.subject | Ice on rivers, lakes, etc. | en_US |
| dc.subject | Lake McConaughy (Neb.) | en_US |
| dc.subject | Lake Ogallala (Neb.) | en_US |
| dc.title | Analysis of Paxton Siphon frazil ice blockage event during January 2022 | en_US |
| dc.type | Report | en_US |
| Appears in Collections: | Technical Report | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERDC-CRREL TR-23-4.pdf | 5.78 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |