1. ERDC Knowledge Core
  2. Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)
  3. Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory (GSL) - (2/23/2001 - present)
  4. Publication
  5. Technical Report
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/44102
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dc.contributor.authorCrane, C. Kennan.-
dc.contributor.authorFoust, Bradley W.-
dc.contributor.authorGroeneveld, Andrew B.-
dc.contributor.authorHeard, William F.-
dc.contributor.authorHoemann, John M.-
dc.contributor.authorKlaus, Kyle L.-
dc.contributor.authorMorson, Jason A.-
dc.contributor.authorMoser, Robert D.-
dc.contributor.authorRay, James C.-
dc.contributor.authorRoth, Michael Jason, 1975--
dc.contributor.authorStrack, Cody M.-
dc.contributor.authorTaylor, Oliver-Denzil S.-
dc.contributor.authorWalshire, Lucas A.-
dc.contributor.authorWood, Stephanie G.-
dc.contributor.authorWoodson, Stanley C.-
dc.contributor.authorEsquilin-Mangual, Omaren_US
dc.creatorGeotechnical and Structures Laboratory (U.S.)-
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-27T13:20:03Z-
dc.date.available2022-04-27T13:20:03Z-
dc.date.issued2022-04-
dc.identifier.govdocERDC/GSL TR-22-5-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11681/44102-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44102-
dc.descriptionTechnical Reporten_US
dc.description.abstractIn August of 2021, unexpected cracking was discovered in the concrete of newly constructed apartment towers and parking garages at Camp Walker, Daegu, South Korea. Initial evaluation by U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Far East District (USACE-POF) determined the towers to be safe for continued occupation. Out of an abundance of caution a team from the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) conducted an independent evaluation of these structures to further verify life safety. Additionally, this evaluation sought to determine the potential causes of this cracking and remediation schemes both to inform future construction, but also to lay the groundwork for a more in-depth lifecycle evaluation by an Architectural/Engineering (AE) firm specializing in structural forensics. The ERDC evaluation consisted of on-site inspection, non-destructive testing, materials sampling and testing, and review of particular design and construction documentation provided by the Far East District. The results of the evaluation confirmed the Far East District’s findings that there was not a threat to life safety in these structures. Furthermore, the results of the ERDC evaluation indicated that drying shrinkage was the most likely causes of the observed cracking. In the areas where this cracking was the most severe, repair with epoxy injection was recommended for continued structural safety. In areas with moderate cracking, sealing of cracks was recommended to prevent long-term durability issues decreasing the lifespan of the structures.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Pacific Ocean Division.en_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract ................................................................................................................................... iii Figures and Tables .................................................................................................................. vi Preface .................................................................................................................................... xv Executive Summary .............................................................................................................. xvi 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 2 Apartment Tower Evaluation .......................................................................................... 2 2.1 Observations from visual inspections of apartment towers ........................... 2 2.1.1 General tower observations ....................................................................................... 2 2.1.2 Tower 1 observations .................................................................................................. 3 2.1.3 Tower 2 observations ................................................................................................ 11 2.1.4 Tower 3 observations ................................................................................................ 22 2.1.5 Tower 4 observations ................................................................................................ 27 2.2 Analysis and findings ...................................................................................... 33 2.2.1 Geotechnical evaluation ........................................................................................... 33 2.2.2 Materials and construction evaluation .................................................................... 35 2.2.3 Structural evaluation ................................................................................................ 45 2.3 Conclusions and recommendations ............................................................... 47 3 Parking Garage Evaluation ........................................................................................... 48 3.1 Observations from visual inspections of parking garages ........................... 48 3.1.1 General garage observations ................................................................................... 48 3.1.2 Garage 1 observations ............................................................................................. 51 3.1.3 Garage 2 observations ............................................................................................. 54 3.1.4 Garage 3 observations ............................................................................................. 56 3.1.5 Garage 4 observations ............................................................................................. 59 3.2 Analysis and findings ...................................................................................... 62 3.2.1 Geotechnical evaluation ........................................................................................... 63 3.2.2 Materials and construction evaluation .................................................................... 63 3.2.3 Structural evaluation ................................................................................................ 64 3.3 Conclusions and recommendations .............................................................. 66 4 Conclusions and Overall Recommendations .............................................................. 67 References ............................................................................................................................. 68 Appendix A: Geotechnical Evaluation Report ................................................................... 70 Appendix B: Additional Pictures from Visual Inspection of Towers and Parking Garages ........................................................................................................................... 86 Appendix C: Petrographic Analysis of Cores from Camp Walker, South Korea ......... 136 Appendix D: Concrete Strength ....................................................................................... 186 Appendix E: Core Strength Report from Far East District ............................................ 194 Appendix F: Initial ERDC Assessment Memorandum ................................................... 195 Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................................ 196 Unit Conversion Factors .................................................................................................... 197 Report Documentation Page-
dc.format.extent219 pages / 56.78 MB-
dc.format.mediumPDF-
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherEngineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; No. ERDC/GSL TR-22-5-
dc.rightsApproved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited-
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat-
dc.subjectForensic analysisen_US
dc.subjectStructural inspectionen_US
dc.subjectReinforced concreteen_US
dc.subjectConcrete shrinkageen_US
dc.subjectConstruction practicesen_US
dc.subjectConcrete--Crackingen_US
dc.subjectGeotechnical evaluationen_US
dc.subjectMilitary bases--Korea (South)en_US
dc.subjectBuildings--Structural health monitoringen_US
dc.subjectBuildings--Maintenance and repairen_US
dc.titleReport on evaluation of Apartment Towers 1–4 and Parking Garages 1–4 at Camp Walker, Daegu, South Koreaen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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