Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/4257
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dc.contributor.authorHall, Ross W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorPlumb, Russell H.en_US
dc.contributor.authorThornton, Kent W.en_US
dc.contributor.authorEley, Rex Lyman, 1942-en_US
dc.contributor.authorLessem, Allan S.en_US
dc.contributor.authorRobey, Donald L.en_US
dc.contributor.authorLoftis, Bruceen_US
dc.contributor.authorSaunders, Peter E. (Peter Edson), 1946-en_US
dc.creatorEnvironmental Effects Laboratory (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station)en_US
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-16T17:10:27Zen_US
dc.date.available2016-03-16T17:10:27Zen_US
dc.date.issued1977-04en_US
dc.identifier.govdocTechnical Report Y-77-2en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/4257en_US
dc.descriptionTechnical Reporten_US
dc.description.abstractThe water quality of the proposed Arcadia Lake, Oklahoma, was evaluated relative to water-quality criteria and standards appropriate for the project purposes. Study procedures included evaluation of existing data and previous studies of streams and lakes in the project area; collection and evaluation of additional field data; determination of available and limiting nutrients through algal bioassays; establishment of relationships between stream discharge; and loadings of nutrients, metals, and pesticides based on stream concentrations and land-use patterns; application of various mathematical models; and comparison of predicted or measured results with existing or proposed water-quality criteria. A comparison of average values for 70 water-quality parameters with the most stringent standard or criterion revealed that ammonia, manganese, mercury, DDT, dieldrin, aldrin, chlordane, lindane, heptachlor, PCB, phenols, and fecal coliforms equaled or exceeded permissible or recommended levels at least part of the time. Only coliform bacteria, ammonia, and manganese exceeded present Oklahoma standards applicable to proposed reservoir uses. Ammonia would not be expected to reach toxic concentrations in the hypolimnion of Arcadia Lake or interfere with project purposes. Nutrient evaluations based on concentrations and loading indicated that the proposed impoundment would be eutrophic and that algal blooms were likely to occur during the late spring and summer months. Algal bioassays and ecological model simulations indicated that not all of the available nutrients would be used because of light limitation. Algal blooms are expected to minimally interfere with recreational purposes of the lake because surrounding nutrient-rich Oklahoma reservoirs presently receive heavy recreational use and alternative, less eutrophic recreational reservoirs do not exist in the project area. It would not be feasible through watershed management practices or reservoir oprational strategies to reduce in-lake nutrient concentrations sufficiently to limit algal growth. Routine chemical treatments are not feasible nor compatible with all project purposes. A capability for selective withdrawal of municipal and industrial water supply releases would be of benefit in minimizing treatment costs. Manganese concentrations and occasionally iron concentrations are expected to exceed drinking water standards in the hypolimnion and headwaters of the proposed impoundment. Iron and manganese would be less likely to exceed standards in the epilimnion near the dam. Excessive iron and manganese would not be a problem in finished water supplies if the potential problem is recognized in the design of the water treatment plant. Average mercury concentration computed over all samples collected near Arcadia was ten times less than the public water supply criterion but exceeded the criterion for the protection of freshwater aquatic life. Results of analyses of the mercury content of fish collected in the Deep Fork River indicated body-burden concentrations less than Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) limits. Pesticides would not be expected to be a water-quality problem in Arcadia Lake because sorption and precipitation would reduce concentrations significantly and restricted use of some of the pesticides has been implemented or is proposed by the EPA. Heptachlor epoxide concentrations in fish exceeded FDA administrative guidelines. However, the rare occurrence of heptachlor, the failure to detect heptachlor epoxide in Deep Fork River water samples, the failure to detect heptachlor or heptachlor epoxide in river sediments, and the fact that the EPA has banned the distribution and use of the pesticide suggest that heptachlor and its degradation products will not exceed criteria in the proposed impoundment. Detectable phenol concentrations would be expected to occur only in the headwaters because of rapid decay and dilution. Coliform bacterial contamination would be limited to the headwaters of the proposed impoundment during base flow. Coliform bacteria might occasionally exceed standards in the lower portions of the pool, following major storm events in the watershed. But even then dilution probably would prevent concentrations from exceeding standards. The impoundment would be expected to exhibit weak thermal stratification during the late spring and summer months. Wind-mixing would determine the degree of stratification. Downstream temperature objectives could be met by project releases if selective withdrawal were practiced. It is expected that dissolved oxygen of project releases will be approximately 80 to 90 percent saturation due to reaeration as flows pass through the outlet works and stilling basin. If Arcadia Lake is constructed, water-quality data collection should continue through pre- and post impoundment in order to provide a basis for lake management to meet intended project purposes.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Tulsa Districten_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsEXECUTIVE SUMMARY...................2 PREFACE...................7 CONVERSION FACTORS, U. S. CUSTOMARY TO METRIC (SI) UNITS OF MEASUREMENT...................12 PART I: INTRODUCTION...................13 The Problem...................13 Study Objectives...................14 General Study Approach...................16 PART II: WATERSHED DESCRIPTION AND MAJOR POINT SOURCES OF CONTAMINANTS...................20 Industrial Effluents...................20 Municipal Effluents...................21 PART III: SURVEY OF EXISTING DATA, EVALUATION OF THE OSU STUDY, AND INITIATION OF ADDITIONAL STUDIES...................23 Water-Sampling Program...................23 OSU Environmental Study...................24 Northside STP Sampling Program...................25 Modification of Existing Data to Reflect STP Relocation...................26 Lakes Thunderbird and Eufaula Sampling Program...................27 PART IV: EVALUATION OF CRITICAL PARAMETERS...................29 Procedure...................30 Results...................31 PART V: USE OF THE WESTEX MODEL FOR PREDICTING TEMPERATURE AND DISSOLVED OXYGEN REGIMES IN ARCADIA LAKE AND DOWNSTREAM RELEASES...................34 Approach...................34 Model Description...................35 Selection of Study Years...................40 Data Requirements...................41 Model Calibration...................44 Simulations...................45 Results...................47 PART VI: NUTRIENTS AND EUTROPHICATION POTENTIAL...................49 Existing and Predicted Nutrient Concentrations and Loadings in the Deep Fork River...................49 Evaluation of Arcadia Lake Eutrophy Based Upon Loadings...................57 Results of Algal Bioassay Studies on the Deep Fork River and Nearby Waters...................73 Eutrophication Potential and Mathematical Models...................81 Discussion...................97 PART VII: METALS...................100 Iron and Manganese...................101 Mercury...................104 Lead...................108 Trace Metal Loadings and Concentrations in the Proposed Impoundment...................113 PART VIII: PESTICIDES...................115 Water Chemistry of Pesticides: An Overview...................115 Existing and Predicted Concentrations and Loadings in the Deep Fork River...................121 An Evaluation of Possible Water-Quality Problems in Arcadia Lake due to Pesticides...................125 Summary...................131 PART IX: OTHER WATER-QUALITY PARAMETERS...................138 Phenols...................138 Total Dissolved Solids...................140 Coliform Bacteria...................140 PART X: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS...................143 Critical Parameters...................143 Temperature and DO...................143 Nutrients and Eutrophication Potential...................143 Metals...................145 Pesticides and PCB...................146 Other Parameters...................147 REFERENCES...................149 TABLES 1-39 PLATES 1-34 APPENDIX A: COMPILATION OF WATER-QUALITY DATA - LAKES THUNDERBIRD AND EUFAULA SAMPLING PROGRAM...................A1 APPENDIX B: SAMPLE OUTPUT FROM WQRRS SIMULATION FOR THE 1970 POSTDIVERSION CASE...................Bl APPENDIX C: PREDICTED LAKE FISHERY...................Cl APPENDIX D: ANALYSES OF PESTICIDES, MERCURY, AND LEAD IN FISH...................D1en_US
dc.format.extent315 pages/98.2 MBsen_US
dc.format.mediumPDF/Aen_US
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherU.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Stationen_US
dc.relationhttp://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/en_US/search/asset/1041200en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Environmental Effects Laboratory (U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station)) ; no. Y-77-2en_US
dc.rightsApproved for public release; distribution is unlimiteden_US
dc.sourceThe ERDC Library created this digital resource using one or more of the following: Zeta TS-0995, Zeutcehl OS 12000, HP HD Pro 42-in. map scanner, Epson flatbeden_US
dc.subjectArcadia Lake (Okla.)en_US
dc.subjectReservoirsen_US
dc.subjectWater qualityen_US
dc.subjectNutrientsen_US
dc.subjectMathematical modelsen_US
dc.subjectNumerical modelsen_US
dc.titleArcadia Lake water-quality evaluationen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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