1. ERDC Knowledge Core
  2. Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC)
  3. Cold Regions Research Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) - (2/1/1961 - present)
  4. Publication
  5. Technical Report
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/42200
Full metadata record
DC FieldValueLanguage
dc.contributor.authorCallaghan, Caitlin A.-
dc.contributor.authorPeterson, Danielle R.-
dc.contributor.authorCooke, Timothy J.-
dc.contributor.authorBooker, Brandon K.-
dc.contributor.authorTrubac, Kathryn P.-
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-05T13:18:20Z-
dc.date.available2021-10-05T13:18:20Z-
dc.date.issued2021-09-
dc.identifier.govdocERDC/CRREL TR-21-13-
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/11681/42200-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42200-
dc.descriptionTechnologyen_US
dc.description.abstractElectrical energy storage (EES) has emerged as a key enabler for access to electricity in remote environments and in those environments where other external factors challenge access to reliable electricity. In cold climates, energy storage technologies face challenging conditions that can inhibit their performance and utility to provide electricity. Use of available energy storage technologies has the potential to improve Army installation resilience by providing more consistent and reliable power to critical infrastructure and, potentially, to broader infrastructure and operations. Sustainable power, whether for long durations under normal operating conditions or for enhancing operational resilience, improves an installation’s ability to maintain continuity of operations for both on- and off-installation missions. Therefore, this work assesses the maturity of energy storage technologies to provide energy stability for Army installations in cold regions, especially to meet critical power demands. The information summarized in this technical report provides a reference for considering various energy storage technologies to support specific applications at Army installations, especially those installations in cold regions.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipInstallation Technology Transition Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipUnited States. Army. Corps of Engineers.-
dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract .......................................................................................................................................................... ii Figures and Tables ......................................................................................................................................... v Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................vii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... viii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 7 1.3 Approach ......................................................................................................................... 7 1.4 Impact to the Army .......................................................................................................... 8 2 Literature Review .................................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 Electrochemical ............................................................................................................ 10 2.1.1 Rechargeable battery ................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2 Redox flow battery ........................................................................................................ 12 2.1.3 Other flow battery technologies ................................................................................... 15 2.1.4 Solid-state battery ......................................................................................................... 17 2.2 Chemical ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.2.1 Hydrogen energy storage .............................................................................................. 18 2.2.2 Hydrogen peroxide ........................................................................................................ 23 2.2.3 Biofuels .......................................................................................................................... 25 2.3 Mechanical .................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.1 Flywheel ......................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Pumped hydro storage .................................................................................................. 30 2.3.3 Advanced Rail Energy Storage ..................................................................................... 33 2.3.4 Gravity power module ................................................................................................... 34 2.3.5 Compressed-air energy storage ................................................................................... 36 2.4 Thermal ......................................................................................................................... 39 2.4.1 Liquid-air energy storage .............................................................................................. 39 2.4.2 Thermal energy in heat-transfer fluids ......................................................................... 43 2.4.3 Additional thermal energy storage technologies ......................................................... 47 2.5 Electromagnetic ............................................................................................................ 49 2.5.1 Ultracapacitor ................................................................................................................ 49 2.5.2 UltraBattery ................................................................................................................... 53 2.5.3 Superconducting magnetic energy storage ................................................................. 55 3 Installation Case Studies .................................................................................................................. 59 3.1 Installation data collection ........................................................................................... 59 3.2 System Advisor Model overview ................................................................................... 61 3.3 Fort McCoy, Wisconsin .................................................................................................. 62 3.3.1 Installation description ................................................................................................. 62 3.3.2 Energy storage needs ................................................................................................... 63 3.3.3 Analysis and recommendations ................................................................................... 64 3.4 CRREL main campus, Hanover, New Hampshire ........................................................ 70 3.4.1 Installation description ................................................................................................. 70 3.4.2 Energy storage needs ................................................................................................... 71 3.4.3 Analysis and recommendations ................................................................................... 72 3.5 CRREL Permafrost Tunnel Research Facility, Fox, Alaska ........................................... 77 3.5.1 Installation description ................................................................................................. 77 3.5.2 Energy storage needs ................................................................................................... 77 3.5.3 Analysis and recommendations ................................................................................... 78 4 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 83 References ................................................................................................................................................... 86 Appendix A: Energy Storage Analysis Data Requirements Questionnaire ...................................... 99 Report Documentation Page ................................................................................................................. 103-
dc.format.extent114 pages / 3.43 MB-
dc.format.mediumPDF-
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherCold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (U.S.)en_US
dc.publisherEngineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)-
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CRREL TR-21-13-
dc.rightsApproved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited-
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat-
dc.subjectCold regionsen_US
dc.subjectElectric poweren_US
dc.subjectEnergy storageen_US
dc.subjectUnited States--Army--Facilitiesen_US
dc.titleInstallation resilience in cold regions using energy storage systemsen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

Files in This Item:
File Description SizeFormat 
ERDC-CRREL TR-21-13.pdf3.43 MBAdobe PDFThumbnail
View/Open
Show simple item record