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https://hdl.handle.net/11681/35258Full metadata record
| DC Field | Value | Language |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.author | Jenicek, Elisabeth M. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Heath, Victoria E. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Garfinkle, Noah W. | - |
| dc.contributor.author | Hur, Andy. | - |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2020-01-22T18:54:44Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2020-01-22T18:54:44Z | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2020-01 | - |
| dc.identifier.govdoc | ERDC/CERL TR-20-1 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/11681/35258 | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/35258 | - |
| dc.description | Technical Report | - |
| dc.description.abstract | Executive Order 13834 (White House 2018) mandates the reduction of water consumption from potable and non-potable water distribution systems to increase readiness and security. Flushing of water distribution systems potentially wastes large quantities of water. This work developed and administered an installation survey to assess the prevalence of potable water flushing at Army installations, and used the information gathered from that survey to identify available technologies to recommend best management practices that reduce flushing and/or that reduce water loss due to flushing. Specific recommendations include changes to lessen the need to flush and practices that optimize necessary flushing. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | United States. Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Installations, Energy and Environment. | en_US |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract .......................................................................................................................................................... ii Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ vi Preface ...........................................................................................................................................................vii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objectives ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.3 Approach ......................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 2 1.5 Mode of technology transfer .......................................................................................... 2 2 Background on Flushing ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Maintaining water quality ............................................................................................... 4 2.1.1 Bacteria control ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 Water age ............................................................................................................................. 6 2.2 Fire protection measures ............................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 Fire flow testing ................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.2 Valve exercising ................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Distribution system maintenance. ............................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Main installation ................................................................................................................ 11 2.3.2 Main repair ........................................................................................................ 11 2.3.3 Main break.................................................................................................... 12 3 Policies on Flushing............................................................................................................................13 3.1 Federal .......................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.1 Water quality ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2 Fire protection .................................................................................................................... 14 3.2 Department of Defense ................................................................................................ 16 3.2.1 Water quality ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.2.2 Fire protection .................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Select state guidelines ................................................................................................. 17 3.4 Select local guidelines .................................................................................................. 17 4 Potable Distribution System Flushing Methods ........................................................................... 19 4.1 Conventional ................................................................................................................. 19 4.2 Unidirectional ................................................................................................................ 20 4.3 Automatic flushing systems ......................................................................................... 20 5 Models and Tools ................................................................................................................................ 22 6 Survey of Army Installations ............................................................................................................. 23 6.1 Survey creation ............................................................................................................. 23 6.2 Survey administration ................................................................................................... 23 6.3 Review of findings ......................................................................................................... 24 6.3.1 Quantity of potable water used for quality and fire flow flushing vs. population and flushing percent ..................................................................................................... 24 6.3.2 Effect of management and source water on flushing program frequency .................... 26 6.3.3 Effect of management and source water on flushing duration deciding factor ............ 26 6.3.4 Effect of management and source water on flushing reason ......................................... 27 6.4 Case studies.................................................................................................................. 28 6.4.1 Fort Hood, TX: Large site, high flushing (outlier), auto-flusher proposal ........................ 28 6.4.2 Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri: Large site, high flushing.................................... 29 6.4.3 Fort Bragg, North Carolina: Large site and low flushing .................................................. 30 6.4.4 Fort George Meade, Maryland: Use of Neutral Output Elimination System ............................................................................................................................... 31 6.4.5 Fort Greely, Alaska: Small size and low flushing.............................................................. 33 6.4.6 Fort Irwin, California: Arid climate and regular flushing .................................................. 33 6.4.7 Fort Buchanan, Puerto Rico: Small site, low flushing, and non-potable supply ............. 34 6.4.8 Fort Benning, Georgia: Large population, high flushing, and auto-flushers .................. 34 6.4.9 Fort A.P. Hill, Virginia: Use of Fire Flow Pro ...................................................................... 35 6.4.10 Fort Huachuca, Arizona: Large site and arid climate .................................................... 35 6.4.11 Fort Carson, Colorado: Decreased storage capacity ..................................................... 38 7 Best Management Practices ............................................................................................................ 40 7.1 Optimizing treatment and distribution system ............................................................ 40 7.1.1 Right sizing ......................................................................................................................... 40 7.1.2 Storage tank management ............................................................................................... 41 7.1.3 Dead end looping .............................................................................................................. 43 7.1.4 Pipe material and pipe age ............................................................................................... 43 7.1.5 Treatment plant improvements ........................................................................................ 44 7.2 Optimizing flushing ....................................................................................................... 45 7.2.1 Ice pigging .......................................................................................................................... 45 7.2.2 Dynamic flushing plan ....................................................................................................... 45 7.2.3 Water reuse........................................................................................................................ 46 7.2.4 Fire hydrant testing ........................................................................................................... 46 7.2.5 FireFlowPro® diffusers ....................................................................................................... 47 7.2.6 NO-DES Inc. technology ..................................................................................................... 48 7.2.7 Auto-flushers ...................................................................................................................... 50 7.2.8 Unidirectional flushing ...................................................................................................... 50 8 Conclusions and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 51 8.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................................... 51 8.2 Recommendations ........................................................................................................ 51 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................. 53 Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................... 60 Appendix A: Illinois Section American Water Works Association Survey ....................................... 61 Appendix B: Original Project Survey ....................................................................................................... 62 Appendix C: Final Project Survey ............................................................................................................. 63 Appendix D: Explanation of Altered Survey ........................................................................................... 64 Appendix E: Summary of Survey Results................................................................................................ 66 Appendix F: Water Audit Classifications ................................................................................................ 67 Appendix G: Federal and DoD Policy ....................................................................................................... 68 Appendix H: FireFlowPro® Product Information ................................................................................... 69 Appendix I: NO-DES, Inc. Product Information ...................................................................................... 71 Report Documentation Page................................................................................................... 73 | - |
| dc.format.extent | 83 pages / 5.278 Mb | - |
| dc.format.medium | PDF/A | - |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.) | en_US |
| dc.publisher | Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.) | - |
| dc.relation.ispartofseries | Technical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CERL TR-20-1 | - |
| dc.rights | Approved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited | - |
| dc.source | This Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat | - |
| dc.subject | Water-pipes--Flushing | en_US |
| dc.subject | Water conservation | en_US |
| dc.subject | Water consumption | en_US |
| dc.subject | Drinking water | en_US |
| dc.subject | Military bases | en_US |
| dc.title | Guidelines for minimizing potable water loss due to water distribution system flushing | en_US |
| dc.type | Report | en_US |
| Appears in Collections: | Technical Report | |
Files in This Item:
| File | Description | Size | Format | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERDC-CERL TR-20-1.pdf | 5.4 MB | Adobe PDF |  View/Open |