Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/30302
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dc.contributor.authorDuncan, Scot M.-
dc.contributor.authorChu, Dahtzen-
dc.date.accessioned2018-11-15T19:12:21Z-
dc.date.available2018-11-15T19:12:21Z-
dc.date.issued2018-08-
dc.identifier.govdocERDC/CERL TR-18-19-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11681/30302-
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/30302-
dc.descriptionTechnical Report-
dc.description.abstractThe current “industry standard” method to control relative humidity (RH) and biological growth involves sub-cooling air to condense moisture out of the air, then reheating the same air that was just sub-cooled to reduce the RH of the air before it enters the space. However, the heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems at many Federal Facilities are not equipped with (or do not use) the required reheat function, so high indoor RH and the growth of mold are often inevitable occurrences. The High Efficiency Dehumidification System (HEDS) is a patent-protected, proprietary energy recovery method designed to save more than 50% of the dehumidification-related cooling and heating plant energy in RH controlled environments. This work validated the performance of a new HVAC dehumidification technology and investigated performance claims, installation costs, and maintenance impacts through the installation of two test units at Tinker Air Force Base (AFB), OK and Fort Bragg, NC. Based on the results of the ESTCP tests from Fort Bragg, NC and Tinker AFB, OK, HEDS significantly exceeded the energy savings targets, providing HVAC system savings related to the cooling, dehumidification and reheat process of 50% to well over 70%. HEDS appears to be a viable, low maintenance, effective alternative to current RH control technologies, and can be a significant contributor to meeting energy savings Policies, Mandates, and Executive Orders.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipEnvironmental Security Technology Certification Program (U.S.)en_US
dc.description.tableofcontentsAbstract .......................................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... iii Figures and Tables .........................................................................................................................................x Preface ......................................................................................................................................................... xiii 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Objective of the demonstration...................................................................................... 3 1.4 Regulatory drivers ........................................................................................................... 4 2 Technology Description ....................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Technology overview ....................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 System description .............................................................................................................. 6 2.1.2 HEDS standalone unit controller description ................................................................... 10 2.2 Technology development .............................................................................................. 12 2.3 Advantages and limitations of the technology ............................................................ 13 2.3.1 Comparative technologies ................................................................................................ 13 2.3.2 Chilled water/ direct expansion coils with gas or electric reheat ................................... 14 2.3.3 Run-around coils ................................................................................................................ 15 2.3.4 Heat pipe coils ................................................................................................................... 17 2.3.5 Rotary wheel heat exchangers ......................................................................................... 18 2.3.6 Air-to-air heat exchangers ................................................................................................. 19 2.3.7 Desiccant dehumidification .............................................................................................. 20 2.3.8 Performance advantages of the HEDS technology ......................................................... 21 2.3.9 Cost advantages of the HEDS technology ........................................................................ 22 2.3.10 Performance limitations of the HEDS technology ......................................................... 23 2.3.11 Cost limitations of the HEDS technology ....................................................................... 23 3 Performance Objectives .................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Performance objective results ..................................................................................... 26 3.2 Performance objectives (POs) descriptions ................................................................ 28 3.2.1 Determine the peak cooling load reduction percent that occurs as a result of the energy recovered via the CRC during the dehumidification/reheat process. ................................... 28 3.2.2 Determine the greatest cooling load reduction percent that occurs as a result of the energy recovered via the CRC during the dehumidification/reheat process. ..... 29 3.2.3 Dehumidification /reheat coil energy reduction. Does the HEDS unit reduce reheat energy required by the downstream reheat coil at Tinker AFB by more than 90% during the dehumidification-reheat process? Fort Bragg AHU does not have a downstream reheat coil, so this PO only applies to Tinker AFB. ...................................... 31 3.2.4 Enhance space comfort conditions .................................................................................. 32 3.2.5 Reduce cooling ton-hours consumption. Determine the cooling load ton-hours savings percent that occurs as a result of the cooling energy recovered via the CRC during the dehumidification/reheat process. ..................................................... 33 3.2.6 Determine if the HEDS unit can provide a chilled water system temperature differential that is higher than typical, to help solve the “Low Delta T” syndrome .......................................... 34 3.2.7 Determine the level of GHG emissions that the HEDS unit contributes to ........................... 35 3.2.8 Reduce energy cost of dehumidification/reheat process ............................................... 36 3.2.9 Reduce lifecycle cost of dehumidification/ reheat process ............................................ 37 4 Facility/Site Description ................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 Facility/site location and operations ........................................................................... 38 4.2 Facility/site conditions ................................................................................................. 43 5 Test Design ........................................................................................................................................... 45 5.1 Conceptual test design ................................................................................................. 45 5.1.1 Hypothesis ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.1.2 Independent variable ........................................................................................................ 45 5.1.3 Dependent variable(s) ....................................................................................................... 45 5.1.4 Controlled variable(s) ........................................................................................................ 45 5.1.5 Test design ......................................................................................................................... 45 5.2 Baseline characterization ............................................................................................. 46 5.2.1 Reference conditions ........................................................................................................ 47 5.2.2 Existing baseline data ....................................................................................................... 47 5.2.3 Baseline estimation ........................................................................................................... 47 5.2.4 Data collection equipment ................................................................................................ 47 5.3 Design and layout of technology components ............................................................ 48 5.3.1 System Design ................................................................................................................... 48 5.3.2 Components of the System ............................................................................................... 49 5.3.3 System Depiction ............................................................................................................... 49 5.3.4 System Integration ............................................................................................................ 49 5.3.5 System Controls ................................................................................................................. 50 5.4 Operational testing ....................................................................................................... 50 5.4.1 Operational Testing of Cost and Performance ................................................................. 50 5.5 Sampling protocol ......................................................................................................... 51 5.6 Sampling results ........................................................................................................... 56 5.6.1 Fort Bragg .......................................................................................................................... 56 5.6.2 Tinker AFB .......................................................................................................................... 68 6 Performance Assessment ................................................................................................................. 78 6.1 Savings analysis methodology ..................................................................................... 78 6.2 Cooling load savings vs. cooling energy savings ......................................................... 79 6.3 Data collection methodology and quality analysis ...................................................... 80 6.3.1 Data description ................................................................................................................ 80 6.3.2 Data quality ........................................................................................................................ 81 6.3.3 Fort Bragg data calibration analysis ................................................................................. 82 6.3.4 Tinker AFB calibration analysis ......................................................................................... 83 6.3.5 Data filtering ...................................................................................................................... 85 6.3.6 Performance objectives results summary ........................................................................ 86 7 Cost Assessment................................................................................................................................. 88 7.1 Cost model .................................................................................................................... 88 7.1.1 Equipment capital costs .................................................................................................... 89 7.1.2 Installation costs................................................................................................................ 89 7.1.3 Consumables ..................................................................................................................... 89 7.1.4 Facility operational costs .................................................................................................. 90 7.1.5 Maintenance ...................................................................................................................... 90 7.1.6 Hardware lifetime .............................................................................................................. 90 7.1.7 Operator training ............................................................................................................... 91 7.2 Cost drivers ................................................................................................................... 91 7.3 Cost analysis and comparison ..................................................................................... 92 7.3.1 Fort Bragg .......................................................................................................................... 92 7.3.2 Tinker AFB .......................................................................................................................... 99 8 Implementation Issues ................................................................................................................... 104 8.1 Procurement issues .................................................................................................... 104 8.2 Potential barriers to acceptance ................................................................................ 104 8.3 ASHRAE 90.1 Prescriptive energy code requirements ............................................. 105 8.4 Lessons learned.......................................................................................................... 106 8.5 Future potential HEDS applications for DoD ............................................................. 106 References ................................................................................................................................................ 108 Appendix A: Points of Contact............................................................................................................... 109 Appendix B: HEDS Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ................................................................... 110 Appendix C: HEDS Data Points List ...................................................................................................... 129 Appendix D: HEDS Instrumentation Drawings ................................................................................... 139 Appendix E: HEDS Instrumentation Cut Sheets ................................................................................ 149 Report Documentation Page (SF 298) ................................................................................................ 173-
dc.format.extent189 pages / 16.95 Mb-
dc.format.mediumPDF/A-
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherConstruction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.)en_US
dc.publisherEngineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)en_US
dc.relation.ispartofseriesTechnical Report (Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.)) ; no. ERDC/CERL TR-18-19-
dc.rightsApproved for Public Release; Distribution is Unlimited-
dc.sourceThis Digital Resource was created in Microsoft Word and Adobe Acrobat-
dc.subjectBuildingsen_US
dc.subjectMolds (Fungi)--Controlen_US
dc.subjectSick building syndromeen_US
dc.subjectHumidity--Controlen_US
dc.titleHigh efficiency dehumidification systemen_US
dc.typeReporten_US
Appears in Collections:Technical Report

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